Perpetuated through recurrences, the English daily Dawn curates those everyday databases of existence, which meld together to constitute a multifariously textured interplay of cognitive processes. Intrinsically hybrid, the newspaper illumines psychological, emotional, intellectual, factual, fictional, sociological, political, indigenous, and foreign discourses that become complimentary and contrapuntal to one another. In being the seminal Pakistani newspaper and forbearer of its nascent postcoloniality, Dawn chronicled the initial opposition to colonialism of sorts. Fast-forwarding to today and traversing Pakistan’s post-colonial landscape through Dawn, the Books and Authors and People and Society sections present an instance of the Pakistani intellectual’s psychological tethering that appears moored to an intellectualism borrowing from the centrality of Western discourses. Employing a theoretical amalgam of cultural hybridity and literary discursive nuances, as viewed within the Pakistani psychology, this study aims at dismantling a form of intellectual hybridization that owes its shaping to its post-colonial identity. A textual analysis of interviews and non-fiction reviews from the Dawn newspaper has been carried out, focusing on the newspaper as a hybrid genre capable of assimilating the national discourse. The inquiry of this analysis attains a triadic multifariousness; an examination of Dawn’s existential, generic, and topical aspects seeks to answer how hybridity configures and reconfigures culturally observable psychological expressions of Pakistani post-colonialism. Eventually, a striking critical finding of this document is that the intellectualism of Dawn that began as a counterpoint to the central dominating consciousness of the British colony, inevitably, got caught up in the paradoxical creation of elitist stereotypes and cultural peripheries in the long run.

Change is inevitable within the universe. It plays a significant role in the course of history in terms of “ancient” and “modern”, both in positive as well as negative senses. The modern scientific and technological developments have changed the world into a global village and brought many good and bad things for humanity simultaneously. The overall improvement in human living standards through these developments may be a blessing for humanity but military and cultural invasions of the well-developed nations (being well-equipped with the weapons of mass-destruction and having monopoly over the international media) are a curse for the less-developed nations. The former are dominating the later not only politically and economically but, slowly and steadily, also replacing their centuries old indigenous histories and cultures with the concepts of globalization, despite the fact that indigenous histories and cultures worth as a valuable intangible heritage for their respective nations and its preservation, at least, within the pages of history is essential. In this regard, Subaltern Studies have been emerged on the horizon of historical knowledge. This research paper, too, is focused on the subaltern history and culture of a Pakistani ethnic tribe known as Marwats. Majority of the Marwats’ population is rural having an enriched intangible heritage of indigenous histories and cultures. But, the dilemma of this heritage is that it is fading along with the death of older indigenous generations and their younger generations are not only ignorant of it but also less interested in it. They consider it as a backward and useless discourse of history. They feel shy of it whenever they come across it incidentally, despite the fact that their present is deeply rooted within their past. Hence, this research paper is an attempt to preserve the history and culture of Marwat tribe in the pages of history as precisely as possible for the forthcoming generations of Pakistan.

Since the eruption of COVID-19, the virus has been taking human lives and inflicting economies worldwide. The economic crisis has intensified global unemployment as the UN and the ILO reports are showing serious concerns. The financial experts estimated that the global economy was already depressing in the year 2018-19 with 1.9 percent; the lowest growth rate in a decade. The virus had further shattered it to -3.3 percent. Its impact in Pakistan is significantly harmful and economic growth was -1.3 percent in 2020. The weak healthcare system has further damaged the fragile economy. All spheres of life have been severely affected by the virus, but the low-income groups are more vulnerable. Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, Pakistan was facing economic instability and the virus has intensified the situation, raising questions about the survival from the challenges, being faced by the low-income groups and how they have to cope with them. The objective of the study is to examine the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on marginalized groups of Pakistan as the pandemic has deprived them of their livelihood. The study has applied the qualitative approach with analytical method. Looking at the empirical data, it seems that enslavement by the employees to vulnerable groups has been strengthened because of virus. The study concluded that the virus caused huge economic loss to low-income groups.

Women trafficking is the act of obtaining someone by coercion, fraud, or deception and then using them for trafficking, imprisonment, or acceptance with the intent to benefit from their exploitation. This study aims to the socio-economic status of trafficked women and highlights the issues, reasons, and causes of women trafficking in Sindh. Mostly women are exploited for forced labor and sexual exploitation .In this study, mix method was used for the data collection. Three hundred twenty samples were collected through questionnaires from several types of employers, such as advocates who have worked on women trafficking and violence against women. Also included were those who worked in the human trafficking cells and women Thana at Hyderabad and Karachi. Data were analyzed through STATA 15.0 and SPSS 20.0, using reliability, correlation, and regression analysis techniques. In the study, there is one dependent variable overall health, and there are five independent variables education, income, social life, physical fitness, and psychological health. This issue significantly increased in Pakistan and the international community. Ultimately, they face several social, economic, and health problems. The victims of women trafficked for sexual exploitation negatively impact social damage, critical health issues, and psychological and physical health conditions. Prevention of trafficking, victim protection, and prosecution of traffickers, multiple interventions would be necessary for care. A health professional can play a crucial role by promoting preventive awareness from the standpoint of holistic care. Moreover, programs for education must be implemented to safeguard women from negative health effects.

This study explores the way social norms, particular choices, and ideologies are inculcated through advertisements (ads) that construct gender roles. Ads are important artifacts that represent human lives in a particular manner by propagating and inculcating a specific set of values, believes, and attitudes in a very normalized way. This study aims to analyze eight different commercials ads that are taken from Pakistani T.V. channels and the internet to examine how gender norms and ideologies are co-optively taught through advertisements in decorative ways to impose power relations and inequality in a patriarchal state. This is a qualitative study and Fairclough’s (1989) three-dimensional model of textual analysis has been used to reveal how multiple gender-based ideologies are constructed, reconstructed, and legitimized in social practices through the promotion and commercialization of ads. After exploration of the data, it was ascertained that through commercialization media represents the stereotypical image of people where a male is taught to be dominant, and women are taught to be submissive, decorative, and passive dummies. Results reveal that through advertisements gender ideologies are injected co-optively to promote the practice of patriarchy. This study is limited to eight ads only. More revealing results can be found by caring out similar studies on other ads.

More than 18,000 brick kilns spread over different parts of Pakistan produce about 45 billion bricks every year. Families working at the brick kilns play a crucial role in the economy of Pakistan, but they face numerous challenges at the workplace verging on the conditions of bonded labour. Trapped through advance payments, the labour is hired on meager wages and endures verbal as well as physical abuses along with restrictions on their mobility. This study explores the exploitative nature of kiln labour, its causes and consequences, and the relationship between task-oriented labour and disturbance in family activities. The data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire from a sample of 43 adult respondents, who were the heads of families working at the brick kilns. Non-probability quota sampling technique was applied. The data analysis was managed through SPSS applying significance and correlation tests. Findings reveal that the brick kiln labour work for long hours and can suffer severe stretch in their work-life activities owing to task-oriented wages.

The history of governance at grass roots level in Sindh dates back to the B.C period. From Maurya Empire to Delhi Sultanate, Mughal dynasty and English period the system evolved gradually. Difference of local government system between the dynastic period and post-dynastic period is that under former state appointed persons to run the business at lower levels of shiqs, etc. whereas under latter the people began to participate in the governance at grass roots level. After the independence of Pakistan on 14th August 1947, the institutions of local government continued to survive under the civilian and non-civilian regimes in Cantonments and non-Cantonment Board areas. The system was enforced in Sindh either by the promulgation of the Ordinance/Order or by passing Act by the Provincial Assembly of Sindh.

This research investigates the impact of teachers’ qualification on students’ class performance at university level in Pakistan. The HEC of Pakistan initiated programs to enhance teachers’ qualifications such as M.Phil./MS and PhD to improve quality education and to develop students’ skills as per job market needs. To know the worth of these initiatives, the authors designed a descriptive survey with quantitative research method to answer the central research question. A survey Questionnaire on Assessing University Students’ Class Performance (QAUSCP) was designed after reviewing related instruments and then it was pilot tested and found reliable with overall Cronbach’s Alpha = .874. This study uses a purposive sampling technique and by using G-power the sample size determined was 380 at confidence level of 99%. However, the respondents (students) who were taught by Masters/16year, M.Phil./MS and PhD qualified teachers gave responses of all 400 questionnaires separately distributed to them in different classes of different programs and departments of the University of Sindh, Pakistan. The data collected were analyzed through IBM SPSS software Version 25 and descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, comparative mean, paired-samples t-test and Logistic regression techniques were applied to find the results. The findings of this investigation reveal that the teachers’ higher qualification had a significant positive impact on students’ class performance. In class, M.Phil./MS and PhD qualified teachers helped students to develop better skills than Masters/16-year qualified teachers. In the end, the authors of this paper put forward that future research should be carried on Competency Based Education (CBE).

Poverty is a multi-dimensional concept, not just lack of food consumption but also of the lack of opportunities to spend a moderate life including education, and healthy life. Poverty and inequality in Pakistan created many obstacles that hamper the way of good governance. If the economic policies and growth are not pro-poor then poverty would rise in any society including Pakistan, even in the presence of good governance. The rising poverty rates in Pakistan badly affected and declined the value system in society very rapidly which ultimately paved way for manipulation and exploitation. Poverty and hunger lead to crimes, social disorder and intoxication in Pakistan, while good economic condition protects human beings from such evils. In Pakistan, education is the primary source of human capital earning and accumulation that plays a very important role, but unfortunately, the literacy rate is also very low. Education increases the production and proficiency of human resources and thus produces skilled and capable manpower, talented enough of leading the economy in the direction of sustainable development and create competence which is just like a magnetic field contributing to good governance. Likewise, economic development leads to mental satisfaction which also strengthens good governance. This paper is an attempt to explore the relationship between poverty and good governance and analyze the impacts of poverty on good governance in Pakistan.

Elderly is a significant segment of human population. Traditionally, they had been accorded the power and respect due to their functional role in agrarian society which favored joint family system. Industrialization and urbanization favored nuclear system where the functional role of the elderly decreased, thereby lowered their power and prestige which ensued many psycho-social problems. This study is conducted to highlight such problems. The study was aimed at finding the problems under two categories, protective factors which prevent problems and risk factors which lead to problems. Twenty elderly persons were interviewed through the combination of purposive and snowball sampling. The nature of interviews was semi-structured. Interviews were recorded electronically and thereby were transcribed and coded manually. This study brought out very significant insights pertaining to the issue.